FIT Test or Colonoscopy: What’s the Difference?

Nobody loves talking about their #2. But when it comes to colon cancer, that conversation could save your life.

SCREENING = PREVENTION

Colon cancer is one of the most preventable cancers. It also affects Black communities at higher rates, and it’s rising in younger adults, which makes screening even more important.

The American Cancer Society recommends adults at average risk begin colorectal cancer screening at age 45. For adults at higher risk, like folks with a family history of colorectal cancer, your doctor may recommend you get screened even earlier.

Screening for colon cancer is easier than most people think. And today, you have more than one option. Two of the most common screening tests are the FIT test and colonoscopy.

What Is a FIT Test?

A FIT test (Fecal Immunochemical Test) is a simple test you can do at home. It checks for tiny amounts of blood in your stool (something you usually can’t see) that can be an early sign of colon cancer or colon polyps.

How it works

Your doctor gives you a small test kit.

At home, you:

• Collect a small stool sample
• Place it in the kit
• Mail the kit back

That’s it. No prep, no sedation, and no procedure.

Most people like FIT testing because it’s quick, private, and done at home.

One important thing to know

A FIT test needs to be done every year to stay up to date with screening. And, if the test finds blood, your doctor may recommend a colonoscopy to take a closer look.

What Is a Colonoscopy?

A colonoscopy is a medical procedure where a doctor looks directly inside your colon using a thin, flexible camera. And to do that, your colon must be clean and empty so your doctor can see. It’s the most thorough colon cancer screening test available.

A colonoscopy can:

• Find colon cancer early
• Detect precancerous growths called polyps
• Remove polyps before they turn into cancer

That means a colonoscopy can prevent cancer, not just find it.

What to expect

Before the procedure, you’ll do a prep to clean out your colon so the doctor can see clearly.

During the colonoscopy:

• You’ll receive medication so you’re comfortable
• The doctor examines your colon
• The procedure usually takes about 30 minutes, and you go home the same day.

If everything looks normal, you may not need another colonoscopy for 10 years.

FIT Test vs Colonoscopy: Which Is Better?

Both tests help detect colon cancer early. But the best test is the one you complete!

FIT Test	Colonoscopy
Done at home	Done at a medical center/hospital
No prep required	Requires colon prep
Done once a year	Usually every 10 years
Detects possible warning signs	Finds and removes polyps

Your doctor can help decide which option is right for you based on your health history and risk factors.

When Should You Get Screened?

Most adults should begin colon cancer screening at age 45. You may need screening earlier if you have:

• A family history of colon cancer
• Colon polyps
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Other risk factors

If you’re unsure when to start, talk to your doctor. But most importantly, don’t ignore your #2. Changes in your bowel habits can sometimes be warning signs.

Talk to your doctor if you notice:

• Blood in your stool
• Ongoing stomach pain
• Unexplained weight loss
• Changes in bowel habits that last more than a few weeks

Most of the time, these symptoms are caused by something less serious. But it’s always worth checking.

Screening Saves Lives

Colon cancer is highly treatable when found early. That’s why screening matters. Whether it’s a FIT test at home or a colonoscopy with your doctor, taking that step could protect your health for years to come.

If you’re 45 or older and haven’t been screened yet, it’s time to start the conversation with your doctor.

Take the First Step

Grady doctors can help you choose the screening option that works best for you. If you don’t have a doctor, Grady can help. Make your appointment online at a Primary Care Center near you and ask about:  

• Colonoscopy screening
• At-home FIT tests
• Colon cancer risk factors

Your health is worth checking. We got you!